Caterpillar, Inc. Financial Analysis - 1743 Words

ï ¿ ¼Caterpillar, Inc. Financial Analysis ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Andrew Hutson, John Beckman, Patrick Gregory, Marquese Martin-Hayes 25 September 2014 CATERPILLAR, INC: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 1 Company Summary Caterpillar is a machinery manufacturing company headquartered in Peoria, Illinois. Established in 1925, Caterpillar has become the largest domestic manufacturer of construction, mining and agricultural machinery. After becoming a leader in each of those three industries domestically, Caterpillar has branched out into foreign markets and other areas of manufacturing and long-term machinery financing. Due to its long-standing history, dominating market share and brand equity, Caterpillar remains one of the few companies that spreads into all three major machinery industries. Caterpillar’s excellence has solidified the brand both at home and abroad. Financial Analysis In the case of Caterpillar, Inc., the focus here is on their Income Statement and Balance Sheet over the last three fiscal years and calculated ratios that help determine both short-term and long-term solvency, as well as asset management and profitability. This paper then notes trends over the last three years, comparisons to their primary competitor as well as industry averages. In researching the company, it became clear that Caterpillar dominates market share but has seen struggles in recent years. The company has held on to remain healthy, despite the economic downturn and the bursting of a 2012 mining bubble. Caterpillar has theShow MoreRelatedCaterpillar Analysis1709 Words   |  7 PagesCaterpillar Inc. Analysis FIN400 – Analyzing Financial Statements June 23, 2013 Caterpillar Inc. Analysis Caterpillar Inc. is a global company headquartered Peoria, Illinois. They specialize in the manufacturing and selling of construction, mining, and farm equipment. Caterpillar Financial Services is a subsidiary company that offers financing options to their customers. I currently work of a construction company and I specialize in the accounting management of the company’sRead MoreCompany Analysis : Caterpillar Inc Company1638 Words   |  7 PagesCaterpillar Inc Company Analysis The Company For the last 90 years, Caterpillar Inc. continues making growth possible while promoting constructive change throughout the world. However, customers turn to Caterpillar for the assistance of expanding infrastructure, energy, and natural resources. Sales and revenues for 2014 were $55.184 billion netting $3.695 billion, which were just below 2013 numbers of $55.656 billion resulting in $3.789 billion. Caterpillar is the front-runner for the manufacturingRead MoreCaterpillar: Organizational Structure and Corporate Management Controls1092 Words   |  5 Pagesâž ¢ The alignment also introduces three new regional Distribution Services Divisions within Caterpillar, replacing the company s current marketing arms. They will have responsibility for Caterpillar s total portfolio of business with each dealer, the dealer relationship, dealer development and ensuring the most efficient and effective distribution of Caterpillar machines, engines and parts. âž ¢ Caterpillar s current Motion Power Control Division will be expanded and reorganized into two newRead MoreEssay about Case Study: Caterpillar Inc.1240 Words   |  5 Pages1. Why was Caterpillar able to meet Japanese competition and succeed where other major US manufacturers failed? Due the leadership of Glen Barton, who was with Caterpillar from 1964 to 2004? Barton began his direction of Caterpillar at a time when there was weakened demand for its products in many markets around the world. By quickly redirecting its efforts into areas that showed more demand (such as smaller machines and truck engines), the company substantially outperformed its stiff competitionRead MoreCase Study on Komatsu Limited1578 Words   |  7 Pagesseparated from the mining company to become KOMATSU ltd. Despite a name that means â€Å"little pine tree†, Komatsu produces line up of big equipment. The company is the world’s second largest manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, after Caterpillar Inc. Komatsu is a diversified company engaged in manufacturing and selling of construction equipment, industrial machinery and vehicles. In addition, the company has interest in other business such as housing, transportation, and logistic equipmentRead MoreCaterpillar Inc: Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans2130 Words   |  9 Pages Since its establishment in 1925, Caterpillar Inc. has built a name in the construction and mining industry as an excellent manufacturer of equipment for a wide range of applications. Today, the company is the market leader in the industry and now it targets to expand its operations globally. In the various emerging economies such as India, China, and Brazil, Caterpillar Inc. has sported potentially profitable opportunities which it needs to exploit before its competitors establish their presenceRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Caterpillar (Cat) Essay2347 Words   |  10 Pagespride of Peoria, Illinois, Caterpillar, Inc. has established itself as a premier global manufacturing powerhouse whose commercial construction, transportation and engine solutions have come to symbolize durability, quality, and economic progress. This project paper examines the operational and financial numbers resulting from the company’s global sales reach. This paper reviews the publically available c orporate financial results for the last decade. This financial data review will be expandedRead MoreCat and John Deere Executive Summary Essay2259 Words   |  10 PagesCATERPILLAR, INC. AND JOHN DEERE CATERPILLAR, INC. AND JOHN DEERE TABLE OF CONTENTS: * EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * BUSINESS OVERVIEW * FINANCIAL ANALYSIS * FINANCIAL OUTLOOK * CLOSING * REFERENCES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: While the economic downturn slowed business activities worldwide in 2009, Caterpillar Inc. and John Deere continued to deliver strong financial results in 2010. Caterpillar and John Deere stayed true to their mission and vision and business strategiesRead MoreCaterpillar Annual Report1042 Words   |  5 Pages2011 Caterpillar Annual Report Justin Kruse ACC100 Professor Hubbard Strayer University May 24, 2012 2011 Caterpillar Annual Report Most everyone wanted to jump on the investment train this month with the release of Facebook’s Initial Public Offering (IPO). As a matter of fact, many people did buy stock in Facebook, trouble is, most of them will never be able to understand the paperwork they will receive while holding their shares. Every year publicly traded companies distribute what isRead MoreFinance Assignments1084 Words   |  4 Pages1. Diversity is the quality of difference within any given grouping. In discussing financial and investment, this term is used to denote the variation within any grouping of investments. The term is quite relative, but also signifies a certain important traits within this realm of discussion. 1a. A substantial and unexpected increase in inflation would be an undiversified risk in most cases. Since inflation affects the entire band of investing in any given currency, any investment made in that particular

What Does Propaganda Essay Topics Mean?

What Does Propaganda Essay Topics Mean? The previous type is known as emotional words. A good example of testimonial is, Nine out of ten dentists recommend such a toothpaste. The second sort is known as testimonial. Basically, both of these types of writing are the exact same. The aim of this committee was supposed to find the remainder of the world to trust in America's capabilities at the moment. The urge to seek out the truth isn't there if one is unaware that there's an untruth to start with. In this way, the citizens won't consider rebellion since they think that the Party's way of government, is the sole good means of government. Maybe, but for the bulk of the population the answer is most likely no, simply since they would be unaware of what they were missing. Irrespective of the annoyances and possible destruction that advertising and public relations can cause it's a reality they serve an important function. It's very clear that certain images may have a profound effect on society. By targeting these particular groups, the posters made everyone involved with complete war. They suggested many ways for the people of the countries to be involved in the war. What Is So Fascinating About Propaganda Essay Topics? There are several sorts of propaganda used. The connotations of the expression propaganda may also vary over time. There are different sorts of propaganda essays. A propaganda essay ought to be as persuasive as an oral propaganda to work. Explain why propaganda proved to be an important portion of the Nazi state. It is a term used to describe the deliberate spreading of ideas and rumors in order to gain what one wants. It is used in many ways. Additionally, it can be used to promote specific religious views. Hence, many believe that the cost of cigarettes ought to be high so that folks stop buying them. His bad family life doesn't have anything to do with health care reform, yet things similar to this will distract prospective voters from what's actually being said. This myth focuses on the characteristic of food when disregarding the quantity. You see professional athletes endorsing medical goods, though they aren't a medical expert. Life After Propaganda Essay Topics We want to provide every essay sent to Lore the time that it deserves! They are well versed in the industry of writing. As you get set to submit the subject, you can evaluate each one of the topics and choose which will be far better compose an impressive essay on. This isn't the subject of discussion within this paper. First of all, we wish to receive the huge questions from the manner. When instructed to compose compositions on the book, there are many topics which students may explore. Human characters also have been used to emphasize the book's issues and themes. The Fight Against Propaganda Essay Topics All the above are fantastic animal farm essay ideas which you can decide to explore. Thus, let's examine a number of the Animal Farm topics you might discover interesting. Many students have a tendency to encounter the writing issues due to the dearth of suitable understanding. In January 2002, for instance, the shooting at Appalachian School of Law garnered lots of attention, but not the simple fact that two students carrying guns were able to block the firing. Considering it was written long before the world wide web and wifi, 1984 foresees a good deal of the tech that is now part of our everyday lives. At length, an Austrian poster demonstrates how a kid is putting in money for the war. Other German posters also demonstrate a soldier to create the men wish to fight. Propaganda Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About There's so much they can explore within this work of literature provided that they reach the depths of their imagination whilst also employing creativity. In the past few years with the debut of internet and long distance communication channels it has become simpler to grow the range of propaganda essays worldwide. It's an effortless technique of showing only what you would like people to see. Our understanding of the planet around us is in terrific part because of the media. Employing propaganda to manipulate the masses isn't a new phenomenon. It must use the logic and the appropriate reasoning. It is a way of persuasion that could be used for good or evil. However, the issue with their rhetoric can be expanded.

Principles of Mobile Communication †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Mobile Communication. Answer: Introduction: Spread spectrum is defined as a technique of broadcasting radio signals. It is therefore used to spread particular telecommunication signals. In spread spectrum, the telecommunication signal is broadcasted in a particular bandwidth which is considerably greater in terms of frequency of the original data. The signal transmitted is much higher than the original signal and conventional modulation methods are used in transmission of a signal in spread spectrum. Spread spectrum is a process that is mainly used in radio transmission and is based in the concept of manipulation of a narrow band signal before its transmission. In spread spectrum communication, the bandwidth occupancy of a signal is greater in comparison to the system that makes use of the conventional modulation methods (Nintanavongsa et al., 2012). In spread spectrum the transmitted signal frequency is varied. This results in much use of a much greater bandwidth in the signal than it would have generally possessed if the signal was not varied. It is therefore a practice of spreading a transmitted signal in occupying a particular frequency spectrum that is available for transmission. The spread spectrum technology can therefore be implemented with a frequency hopping technique as in frequency hopping; the signal is generally transmitted in short bursts. Spread spectrum finds its usage in cellular telecommunication (Stber, 2017). The different spread spectrum transmission processes include frequency hopping spread spectrum, direct sequence spread spectrum and time hopping spread spectrum. Direct sequence is used where there is a need to reduce the signal interference. Frequency hopping spread spectrum on the other hand is used for broadcasting radio signals, which is done by rapid switching of the carrier among the different frequency channels. This includes the use of a pseudorandom sequence that is known both to the transmitter and the receiver. Time hopping spread spectrum is a method of spread spectrum where time is changed in a random manner. It makes use of pseudo random sequence as well. The two most commonly used spread spectrum techniques are direct sequence and frequency hopping. The comparison between these two methods of spread spectrum is as follows- Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum It makes use of a fixed carrier. Makes use of a radio carrier that hops from one frequency to another in a known pattern and the pattern. The set data signal is spread to a much larger range of frequencies by making use of a specific encoding scheme (Xuan Quyen, Van Yem Manh Hoang, 2013). A particular bandwidth spectrum is segregated into different broadcast frequencies (Torrieri, 2015). Frequency remains constant in DSSS Frequencies are randomize in frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) Data are randomized in DSSS Data remains constant in FHSS It is not resistant to noise It is resistant to noise Offers much higher throughput Offers limited throughput Performance level is better and more reliable Use less power but performance level is low Table 1: Representing the Differences between DSSS and FHSS The major two components of a radio system is Radio transmitter and radio receiver. There are different sub parts of radio transmitter and the radio receiver. The sub parts of radio transmitter are power supply, oscillator, modulator, Amplifier and an antenna. The different subcomponents of radio receivers are antenna, RF amplifier, Tuner, detector and audio amplifier. Mixers can be defined as the equipment that arranges multiple audio signals in a balanced way. The main functionality of mixer is to adjust the tone quality is such a way that it becomes easier for the audiences to listen to audio. Mixers can be broadly classified into three types, which are analog mixers, Digital mixers and powered mixers. Analog Mixers The analog mixers find its use in adjustment of volume and tone of an input signal. In this type of mixer, the control knobs and the faders are present on the top panel. Operating analog mixers can be described as an intuitive process as it makes it easier for the signal flow and the state of the audio. Digital Mixers can be defined as the process where audio signal acts as input and adjust the tone of the audio signal by making use of a digital signal processing technology. One of the main functionalities of digital mixer is that, it can store the position of the faders and the knobs, and is able to recall it in an instant. There are various functions of the knobs and the faders to keep the unit compact. However, digital mixer is very complex to set up but provides greater functionality in comparison to analog mixer. Powered mixers are a type of analog mixer that posses a built in power amplifier. This provides the functionality of connecting the mixers directly with the speakers. Therefore, the powered mixer makes the operation of the mixers even more simplified. Cellular antennas are an integral part of the telecommunication system and are used all over the world. Therefore, it is expected to remain dominate in future. GiFi is a new technology and therefore, further research is needed in this field. However, it is capable of revolutionizing the field of wireless networks. References Bernardos, C. J., De La Oliva, A., Serrano, P., Banchs, A., Contreras, L. M., Jin, H., Ziga, J. C. (2014). An architecture for software defined wireless networking. IEEE wireless communications, 21(3), 52-61. Bilotti, F., Di Palma, L., Ramaccia, D., Toscano, A. (2012). Self-filtering low-noise horn antenna for satellite applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 11, 354-357. Gagliardi, R. M. (2012). Satellite communications. Springer Science Business Media. Han, S. J., Garcia, A. V., Oida, S., Jenkins, K. A., Haensch, W. (2014). Graphene radio frequency receiver integrated circuit.Nature communications,5, 3086. Hartwig, R. L. (2012).Basic TV technology: digital and analog. Focal Press. Hedayati, H., Entesari, K. (2013). A 90-nm CMOS UWB impulse radio transmitter with 30-dB in-band notch at IEEE 802.11 a system.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,61(12), 4220-4232. Heydon, R. (2013). Bluetooth low energy: the developer's handbook. Prentice Hall. Jiang, W., Che, W. (2012). A novel UWB antenna with dual notched bands for WiMAX and WLAN applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 11, 293-296. Nintanavongsa, P., Muncuk, U., Lewis, D. R., Chowdhury, K. R. (2012). Design optimization and implementation for RF energy harvesting circuits.IEEE Journal on emerging and selected topics in circuits and systems,2(1), 24-33. Stber, G. L. (2017).Principles of mobile communication(Vol. 3). Springer. Torrieri, D. (2015).Principles of spread-spectrum communication systems. Springer. Xuan Quyen, N., Van Yem, V., Manh Hoang, T. (2013). A chaos-based secure direct-sequence/spread-spectrum communication system. InAbstract and applied analysis(Vol. 2013). Hindawi.

Studying The Chrysanthemums John Steinbeck English Literature Essay Essay Example

Studying The Chrysanthemums John Steinbeck English Literature Essay Paper The narrative The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck is a concise and emotional narrative. Right off the reader can see that this short narrative is fiction. Through the character of Elisa, we see the alterations of a adult female and a flower. At this point in clip adult females were treated and respected wholly different than they are in our state now. But through Steinbeck s work he shows us how others can convey about alteration in us. Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay goes through a procedure of alterations, merely like a flower, many times in The Chrysanthemums . Elisa has her garden, her house and nil more. Once the Tinker shows involvement in her work, she wholly alterations. Elisa feels as though she could be making work merely like the Tinker who travels from topographic point to topographic point. This connects with the Chrysanthemums she has grown. The Tinker voluntaries to take some of the works down the route to another adult female who has been seeking to acquire her custodies on them. Small does Elisa cognize, he has played her by demoing involvement in her work He knew that she would so happen something for him to repair. Once the Tinker has moved on, Elisa s character alterations wholly. She now feels strong and confident, non needfully trapped in the house. We will write a custom essay sample on Studying The Chrysanthemums John Steinbeck English Literature Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Studying The Chrysanthemums John Steinbeck English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Studying The Chrysanthemums John Steinbeck English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Tinker brings about great alteration in Elisa during the narrative. This adult male travels the state from seashore to seashore, populating twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours doing money repairing pots and pans. At first he came across as a alone concern adult male looking for person to give him work. He meets Elisa and realizes the type of individual she is. The Tinker con s her into thought he has great involvement in her work, unlike her hubby Henry. Other parts of The Chrysanthemums , involves sexual tenseness and vesture. Elisa changes her visual aspect both emotionally and physically by dressing otherwise and moving otherwise towards both Henry and the Tinker. There is sexual tenseness between Elisa and the Tinker because of his involvement in her work. Her hubby comment early in the narrative, I wish you d work out in the grove and raise some apples that large ( Steinbeck 46 ) concludes that he has minimum involvement in her and her work. Once the Tinker has gone a nd left, she is filled with assurance and completes a entire makeover. Through her vesture we have seen differences in gender. At first she started out have oning apparels that were manlier, meaning that she wanted to be populating a adult male s life and non experience trapped. She envied the life of the Tinker and wanted to be on the route merely as he was. Once she has been told they were traveling out to dinner she is overjoyed with the fact that her hubby noticed her as more than a garden worker. She dresses in her finest apparels and shows a different individual than we have seen throughout the narrative. Just like a flower, she is pretty looking! Henry tells Elisa she looks nice, and strong. It is shown there that Elisa and Henrys relationship is non normal. The male laterality by Henry there shows Elisa is non much more than a homemaker and nurseryman. The inquiry of why is asked by Elisa because she feels offended and unsure of what his exact significance of nice is. She feels really confident in herself and the difference work forces have over adult females at this clip is melting in her caput. Elisa became comfy with the feeling that she could make things merely like the Tinker could. She could turn and maturate into something other than the life she has been populating now with assurance. Traveling to dinner, Elisa notices a pinpoint in the route ; she realizes they are her Chrysanthemums she gave to the Tinker. The Tinker had dumped them on the wayside and kept to pot for himself. At this point, she has lost all aspiration and assurance she has during the twenty-four hours. All Elisa could make was turn to her hubbies shoulder and call devising certain she was out of site from the Tinker who was stopped on the side of the route. The short narrative reveals the alterations in a adult female in society and how others can impact us all. Besides, people are merely like flowers, we grow and change as clip goes on. We change because of other beginnings around us that compel us to turn and move otherwise. Just because of gender, adult females were limited to their feelings and what they could make in life. The symbolism of a flower is used really good throughout the full narrative. Many times, Steinbeck uses the flower as a symbol for Elisa s ain life. First, the flower is closed and non ready to blossom. This portion of the narrative is when Elisa feels trapped in her garden and ruled by her hubby Henry. The portion of the flowers transmutation is the gap up and flowering. The Tinker brought exhilaration for Elisa and opened her eyes to his universe. The universe of going and living life twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours was ideal for her. Elisa s battles were vanishing right before her eyes as she grew confi dent. The alterations in her apparels and visual aspect symbolized that she, as a adult females was turning and blooming into another individual. Once changed into newer apparels and her finest wear, she looked really reasonably, typifying the flower one time once more. Towards the stoping of the narrative, she is put back in a familiar state of affairs. She feels unsure and threatened by his significance of the word, nice . Although experiencing this manner, the Tinker has provided her with great assurance and ego worth. Unfortunately the assurance and everything she had built up inside her is thrown off. Just like a deceasing flower, Elisa saw the pinpoint in the route without the pot. She had been played, and now lost all assurance she one time had. From this point, she can non maintain her caput up and fells on her hubbies shoulder off from the pinpoint. Elisa has now gone through alterations of a adult females and a flower in her up and down emotional journey.

Summary Virtual Meeting Analyzer A web application to visualize and analyze social networks emerging in group meetings by Privitera, A., Martino, F. Gamberini, L.

Summary Virtual Meeting Analyzer A web application to visualize and analyze social networks emerging in group meetings by Privitera, A., Martino, F. Gamberini, L. This article details the aspects of a Virtual Meeting Analyzer. This is an upcoming web application that can be used to analyze the dynamics of a social meeting. According to the article, evaluating the social networks that result from meetings could help in improving communication in social meetings.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Summary: â€Å"Virtual Meeting Analyzer: A web application to visualize and analyze social networks emerging in group meetings† by Privitera, A., Martino, F. Gamberini, L. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the article notes that there are many complexities involved in this process (Privitera, Martino Gamberini, 2012). The Virtual Meeting Analyzer (VMA) is a web application that is modeled to overcome such complexities. The article begins by noting that prior to VMA social meetings were analyzed using arcs and nodes. The nodes in this case represent the social agents whil e the arcs represent the nodes’ interrelationships. According to the article, social network analysis is currently used in psychological research activities. For instance, it can be used to monitor social groups or initiate organizational interventions. VMA simplifies the analysis of small social meetings of less than thirty participants. There is no expertise in social network analysis or computer science that is required when using VMA. Other software programs that were previously used for this task did not have this element of simplicity. These programs also incorporated manual coding and this left room for errors. According to the article, VMA has four modules. Each of these four modules corresponds with the activity being performed. The four modules include configuration, recording, meeting creation, and temporal analysis. The meeting creation module allows the user to create a new meeting or load a previous one. The configuration module accounts for characteristics of t he meeting’s environment. The recording module allows the user to record all the communication events in a meeting. This module is instantaneous.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The temporal analysis module provides a temporary description of the social network. When the network develops, the temporal analysis module updates these developments. The article then outlines the considerations that were made during the development of the VMA web application program. The most important developmental consideration was that VMA could be accessed through any internet-enabled device. The article continues by claiming that VMA web applications can work with a wide range of browsers (Borgatti, Everett Freeman, 2001). The next part of the article details the application’s evaluation. According to the article, the evaluation’s main objective was meant to prove that VMA could be used by users with no technical background. The evaluation was conducted using two different scenarios to guarantee effectiveness. In the first scenario, a VMA user was presented with thirty-five questions. The questions investigated the device’s navigability, design, visibility, comprehensibility, and error handling. This second scenario investigated the effectiveness of the application’s inner workings. The article notes that both evaluations revealed positive feedback from the participants. Among the highest rated components of VMA included the application’s meeting creation and participant positioning modules. In the second scenario, participants were able to discover who the leader of the network was using VMA. The results of the evaluations have since been used to develop updates for the application. The article continues to note that most of these updates will focus on the interoperability between the application and web browsers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Summary: â€Å"Virtual Meeting Analyzer: A web application to visualize and analyze social networks emerging in group meetings† by Privitera, A., Martino, F. Gamberini, L. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article concludes by posting the results of the evaluation conducted through the questionnaire. The replies for most of the thirty-five questions asked were positive. Impact of VMA on Psychological Research VMA technology is used as a tool of social network analysis. Social network analysis (SNA) is one of the methods used in psychological research. SNA was first used as a research methodology in 1989 (Fogg Tseng, 1999). Before that, a book published in 1934 touted for SNA’s inclusion in the research methodologies regimen. VMA represents the current trend that uses SNA methodology. The tool employs the latest technological advancements especially the advent of high-speed i nternet. VMA will have quite a significant impact on how research is conducted in the psychology field. Most of the existing SNA tools feature backdated technology that does not match the current trends. VMA is the exception to this trend. VMA will feature simplified architecture that will simplify research activities. Currently, most psychological research is not funded by external sources. This means that most psychologists have to fund their own projects (Martino, Spagnolli Gamberini, 2009). Therefore, VMA is going to assist researchers in cutting research costs. The tool also cuts back on the number of personnel required to undertake a research project.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the tool does not require researchers to engage in further training. All these aspects are cost cutting and this could translate to more research projects in the future. For instance, the above article takes note of the ease of operation that comes with the new VMA. Another aspect of VMA that will affect research is its efficiency. According to research conducted on the VMA, it was discovered that the tool is over three times more efficient than its viable alternative. This translates into reliable research findings because of the reduced incidences of human error. The tool also includes several new components that will make researchers’ work easy. For example, VMA allows users to add notes, new participants, and even modify the content of earlier notes (Cross, Borgatti Parker, 2002). VMA is a trending research tool in psychological research. Over the next few months, its impact will start being felt. The tool will simplify current research and open avenues for futuristic research. List of References Borgatti, P., Everett, G. Freeman, C. (2001). UCINET V Network Analysis Software  Manual. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies. Cross, R., Borgatti, P. Parker, A. (2002). Making Invisible work visible: using social network analysis to support strategic collaboration. California  Management Review, 44(2), 25-46. Fogg, J. Tseng, S. (1999). Credibility and computing technology.  Communications of the ACM, 42(5), 39-44. Martino, F., Spagnolli, A. Gamberini, L. (2009). Presence in the age of social networks: augmenting mediated environments with feedback on group activity. Virtual Reality, 13(3), 183-194. Privitera, A., Martino, F. Gamberini, L. (2012). Virtual Meeting Analyzer: A Web application to visualize and analyze social networks emerging in group meetings. PsychNology Journal, 10(1), 39-51.

The Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus

The Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus returned from his first voyage in March 1493, having discovered the New World...although he didn’t know it. He still believed that he had found some uncharted islands near Japan or China  and that further exploration was needed. His first voyage had been a bit of a fiasco, as he had lost one of the three ships entrusted to him and he did not bring back much in the way of gold or other valuable items. He did, however, have a handful of bedraggled natives he had taken on the island of Hispaniola, and he was able to convince the Spanish crown to finance the second voyage of discovery and colonization. Preparations for the Second Voyage The second voyage was to be a large-scale colonization and exploration project. Columbus was given 17 ships and over 1,000 men. Included on this voyage, for the first time, were European domesticated animals such as pigs, horses, and cattle. Columbus’ orders were to expand the settlement on Hispaniola, convert the natives to Christianity, establish a trading post, and continue his explorations in search of China or Japan. The fleet set sail on October 13th, 1493, and made excellent time, first sighting land on November 3rd. Dominica, Guadalupe and the Antilles The island first sighted was named Dominica by Columbus, a name it retains to this day. Columbus and some of his men visited the island, but it was inhabited by fierce Caribs and they did not stay very long. Moving on, they discovered and explored a number of small islands, including Guadalupe, Montserrat, Redondo, Antigua, and several others in the Leeward Islands and Lesser Antilles chains. He also visited Puerto Rico before making his way back to Hispaniola. Hispaniola and the Fate of La Navidad Columbus had wrecked one of his three ships the year before during his first voyage. He had been forced to leave 39 of his men behind on Hispaniola, in a small settlement named La Navidad. Upon returning to the island, Columbus discovered that the men he had left had angered the native population by raping local women. The natives had attacked the settlement, slaughtering the Europeans to the last man. Columbus, consulting his native chieftain ally Guacanagarà ­, laid the blame on Caonabo, a rival chief. Columbus and his men attacked, routing Caonabo and taking many of his people as slaves. Isabella Columbus founded the town of Isabella on the northern coast of Hispaniola, and spent the next five months or so getting the settlement established and exploring the island. Building a town in a steamy land with inadequate provisions is hard work, and many of the men sickened and died. It reached the point where a group of settlers, led by Bernal de Pisa, attempted to capture and make off with several ships and go back to Spain: Columbus learned of the revolt and punished the plotters. The settlement of Isabella remained but never thrived. It was abandoned in 1496 in favor of a new site, now Santo Domingo. Cuba and Jamaica Columbus left the settlement of Isabella in the hands of his brother Diego in April, setting out to explore the region further. He reached Cuba (which he had discovered on his first voyage) on April 30 and explored it for several days before moving on to Jamaica on May 5. He spent the next few weeks exploring the treacherous shoals around Cuba and searching in vain for the mainland. Discouraged, he returned to Isabella on August 20, 1494. Columbus as Governor Columbus had been appointed governor and Viceroy of the new lands by the Spanish crown, and for the next year and a half, he attempted to do his job. Unfortunately, Columbus was a good ship’s captain but a lousy administrator, and those colonists that still survived grew to hate him. The gold they had been promised never materialized and Columbus kept most of what little wealth was found for himself. Supplies began running out, and in March of 1496 Columbus returned to Spain to ask for more resources to keep the struggling colony alive. The Start of the American Indian Slave Trade Columbus brought back many native slaves with him. Columbus, who had once again promised gold and trade routes, did not want to return to Spain empty-handed. Queen Isabella, appalled, decreed that the New World natives were subjects of the Spanish crown and therefore could not be enslaved. However, the practice of enslaving indigenous populations continued. People of Note in Columbus’ Second Voyage Ramà ³n Panà © was a Catalan priest who lived among the Taà ­no people for about four years  and produced a short but very important ethnographic history of their culture.Francisco de Las Casas was an adventurer whose son Bartolomà © was destined to become very important in the fight for native rights.Diego Velzquez was a conquistador who later became governor of Cuba.Juan de la Cosa was an explorer and cartographer who produced several important early maps of the Americas.Juan Ponce de Leà ³n would become governor of Puerto Rico but was most famous for his journey to Florida in search of the Fountain of Youth. Historical Importance of the Second Voyage Columbus’ second voyage marked the start of colonialism in the New World, the social importance of which cannot be overstated. By establishing a permanent foothold, Spain took the first steps towards their mighty empire of the centuries that followed, an empire that was built with New World gold and silver. When Columbus brought back slaves to Spain, he also caused the question of slavery in the New World to be aired openly, and Queen Isabella decided that her new subjects could not be enslaved. Although Isabella perhaps prevented a few instances of enslavement, the conquest and colonization of the New World were devastating and deadly for Native Americans: the indigenous population dropped by approximately 80% between 1492 and the mid-17th century. The drop was caused mainly by the arrival of Old World diseases, but other Native Americans died as a result of violent conflict or enslavement. Many of those who sailed with Columbus on his second voyage went on to play very important roles in the history of the New World. These first colonists had a great amount of influence and power over the course of the next few decades of history in their part of the world. Sources Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the . New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962Present. Thomas, Hugh. Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. Hardcover, 1st edition, Random House, June 1, 2004.

Child abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Child abuse - Essay Example In this regard, the role of school nurse is very important. A school nurse interacts with children on regular basis; therefore, she should have sufficient knowledge about different child maltreatment laws. If the nurse finds any sign of maltreatment, she should immediately report to CPS (Child Protective Services). The CPS will investigate the matter in detail. Moreover, the practice of school nurses and its standards also emphasize on reporting maltreatment incidents and taking adequate actions against child maltreatment (American Nurses Association (ANA) & National Association of School Nurses (NASN, 2011). Society has observed Children’s maltreatment at all levels. However, in schools nurses can control it significantly. Therefore, nurses have greater responsibilities regarding their growth in education and learning relevant laws. Clearly, their better understanding will lead the society towards an excellent and maltreatment-free society. USDHHS, (2010). (United States Department of Health and Human Services), Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children’s Bureau. Child Maltreatment (2009). Retrieved from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/pubs/cm09 /

Observations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Observations - Essay Example Yet, this is futile. This is because each observer tries to interpret Arab Spring in the light of the Revolution that fits his perceptions. Revolutions never happen to be straight jacketed in the context of time. They are influenced by many motivations from the past and continue to influence the future over time. Thereby the significance of the Arab Spring lies in the historical influences that motivated it and the impact it will continue to have on the history in the times to come. The British often take the credit for creating Jordan. Actually Jordan was carved out by the British to reward an Arab supporter. It was after independence that Jordan attained the status of a sovereign kingdom. The Arab state system was created by Britain and France by dismantling the Ottoman Empire. These nations continued to interfere in the internal affairs of the Arab states created by them. It is this factor that has assured the survival of Arab monarchies. The leadership of the Arab protests primarily comprised of social networking youth who had little experience in managing street demonstrations. The Arab protests were not unified. They existed as segregated protests lead by different interest

How Cheerleading Is a Sport Essay Example for Free

How Cheerleading Is a Sport Essay Many consider cheerleading not a sport, but the New York Times states, one of the quickest growing sports for girls in our country today is cheerleading. Additionally, the New York Times doesn’t differentiate between sideline and competition cheerleaders. Sideline cheerleaders are on the sideline cheering on the football team and getting the crowd pumped for the football game. A competition cheerleader competes against other schools or teams in competitions that last two minutes and thirty seconds which consist of stunting, tumbling, dancing and jumps. Cheerleading is a sport because it is made up of teamwork, vigorous practices, it’s very dangerous, and it has rules and guidelines like any other sport in today’s society. Teamwork is the most important aspect in cheerleading. â€Å"Teamwork is not only crucial for executing the pyramid or stunt, but also to prevent injuries. Additionally, judges look at a squads ability to function and perform as a team demonstrated by synchronization and execution of stunts† (Allen). Teamwork is defined as everyone working together to achieve a common goal. The main goal for a cheerleading competition is to get first place, but that doesn’t always happen. To achieve this goal, everyone has to be ready to go and work together, but also communicate as a team. A competitive cheerleaders’ goal is to do all they can to win the competition overall. Cheerleading is a sport that involving people working together as a team, but without cooperation, synchronization, and communication, first place is not attainable. To be a cheerleader, you have to go to practice just like any other athlete. Cheerleaders have vigorous practices just like football. Competitive cheerleading is a sport that includes strength. For a person to be a cheerleader, you must be in shape and flexible because in a cheerleading routine you need to be able to tumble, stunt, jump, and dance without stopping for the entire two minutes and thirty seconds. Cheerleaders must learn to tumble, just like gymnasts. The only way cheerleaders will learn to tumble is if they attend practice and work hard without ever giving up. A cheerleading practice consists of conditioning, going over the routine full out over 50 times, jumping, tumbling, stunting, dancing your heart out, and even more conditioning. Cheerleaders perform stunts that require strength. In a stunt, flyers are tossed in the air, by their two bases and back spots in different stunts that require strength, teamwork, communication, and cooperation. To be able to perform the very challenging stunts, cheerleaders need to condition and workout like any other sport that competes. Cheerleading is considered the number one dangerous sport for girls in todays country. Sports injuries for cheerleading appear in the ER more than five times the number of any other sport. According to LiveScience staff, cheerleading injuries account for more than 67 percent of sports injuries (LiveScience). While watching a routine, you will see that most cheerleaders will have on an ankle brace, a knee brace, or a wrist brace. They wear braces because cheerleaders easily get hurt and they have to wear a brace to be able to cheer and not reinjure themselves. In most cases, the cheerleaders will continue to wear the brace after their injury is healed because they don’t want to hurt their previous injury. The most common injuries are ankle sprains. Cheerleaders may need surgery for some of their injuries because in most cases a cheerleader could of torn their MCL or ACL. That means the cheerleader could be out for months. In worst cases of injuries, their have been cheerleaders that have broken their necks in stunts, like pyramids or basket tosses. There have been cases in which cheerleaders have died because they have fallen out of a stunt and onto their head causing brain damage. Many consider cheerleading not a sport because they don’t use balls, but that’s not true. Cheerleading has rule and guidelines just like any other sport in the world. The rules and regulations in cheerleading are very strict. Some rules in cheerleading are routines must not exceed 2 minutes and 30 seconds. A cheerleading routine must be performed on mats or spring flooring. In addition, each athlete must wear his or her uniform and jewelry is prohibited. If a judge catches jewelry on a cheerleader, they will deduct points for appearance. If a bobby pin or clip hits the floor, the team gets points deducted. Props such as flags, banners and pom pons are allowed. Also judges are the ones who judge the routines. The judges are like the referees in a football or basketball game. The judges will judge a routine on motions, dance, tumbling, jumps, facial expressions, and their overall performance. Many Americans think that cheerleading not a sport, but by the definition of a sport, cheerleading is considered a sport. â€Å"A sport, according to the Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors, is a physical activity or competition that competes against or with an opponent, governed by rules and regulations under which a winner is declared, and primary purpose of the competition is a comparison of the relative skills of the participants† (Renee). Many say that competition cheerleading is a sport, but not sideline. In my opinion, any type of cheerleading is a sport because there is a chance that at games, an injury may occur. Sideline cheerleading is considered a sport, just like competition cheerleading, because most high schools use their sideline team as their competition team. Also at games the sideline/competition team will perform very risky and complicated stunts that people might get seriously injured.

Stubborn Pride in The Stone Angel :: essays research papers

In the novel there is mention of the war cry of the Curries, â€Å"Gainsay who dare!† (15). Such a translation may be "Oppose me (us) if you dare to." There is a very predominant theme of stubborn pride in The Stone Angel, which makes the novel sententious to its readers. Pride refers to a strong sense of self-respect, a refusal to be humiliated as well as joy in the accomplishments of oneself or a person, group, or object that one identifies with. Proud comes from late Old English prud, probably from Old French prude "brave, valiant". There are destructive and constructive effects of stubborn pride in that pride is a double-edged sword and separates inclination and response. There is a certain amount of pride that goes along with social status. Jason Currie was a "self-made man" who "had pulled himself up by his bootstraps" (7). Hagar was very proud of her father's success, on account of "he had begun without money" (14). Hagar stated, "Father took such pride in the store - you'd have thought it was the only one on earth. It was the first in Manawaka, so I guess he had due cause† (9). Hagar recounts the Stone Angel as being "my mother's angel that my father bought in pride to mark her bones and proclaim his dynasty†¦" (3). Hagar's father was an extremely proud man, a trait that was inevitably passed on to his daughter, and he took great pride in this "terribly expensive" statue, which "had been brought from Italy" †¦ "and was pure white marble" (3). Hagar calls to mind displaying her pride as young as age 6 when she says, "There was I, strutting the board sidewalk like a pint-sized peacock, resplendent, haughty, hoity-toity, Jason Currie' s black-haired daughter" (6). The Currie's thought very much of themselves, this is shown when Hagar speaks of her father, saying, "Matt and Dan and I always knew he could never have brought himself to marry his housekeeper" (17). All too often though, pride can be the defining trait that leads to the tragic hero's tragic downfall. Excessive pride also materializes itself as arrogance. It interferes with the individual's acceptance of the grace of God, or the worth which God sees in others. As Mr. Troy asks Hagar, â€Å"Don’t you believe, in God’s infinite Mercy?† (120), she replys â€Å"What’s so merciful about Him, I’d like to know?† (120). Hagar had developed such pride in herself that she had even let go of God, or the fact that she needed God.

Cultural Diversity and Interaction Essay

The City of Los Angeles, California, as we fondly call it â€Å"The City of Angels†, is the second most heavily populated metropolitan area in the United States of America. It is classified by my fellow Americans as a global city or a world city which means that the channel of associations binding this city has a downright actual causatum on all-encompassing global affairs. Furthermore, including myself, it has a fairly large population of 3, 844, 829 according to the U. S. Census Bureau (â€Å"Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2005 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005 † 2006). Because it is a global city, it is a world-class center of distinction in various fields such as culture, science, education, technology, trade and commerce. Moreover, it is home to world-class institutions of different cultural and socio-economic fields like our community being made up of local government, service groups, clubs, schools, and many more. The racial make-up within our city is mainly divided into whites (46. 9%), African American (12%), Asian (10%), Native American (1. 0%), and other races (31. 1%). So basically, Los Angeles City is composed of Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics or Latino (Mormon, 2007). Majority of the population in our place spoke English and Spanish while the rest spoke Korean, Tagalog, Armenian, Persian, or Chinese/Mandarin. History In the earlier periods, Native Americans such as the â€Å"Grabrielenos†, inhabited the coastal area of Los Angeles. It was then (re)discovered by a Portuguese explorer named Joao Rodrigues Cabrilho (Rapasky, 2003). Almost a century later, Europeans arrived with Franciscan priest Juan Crespi, and reached the present site of Los Angeles City (Britannica Online). The aboriginal migrants are from Spain and they are of African descent. When California attained its freedom from the sovereignty of the Spanish rule, Los Angeles then became a suburb of Mexico. However, as the Mexican rule concluded during the Mexican-American war, Americans took over California. As the years passed by, the city of Los Angeles progressed. Industries flocked into the city. Also, the World War II brought economic growth and prosperity to the city as urbanity expanded the city. Religion Due to its large population, the â€Å"City of Angels† is one of the most religiously diversified localities in the world and it is home to enthusiasts and believers of many religions and has over 100 Christian churches. Aside from these, several religious sectors and organizations representing diverse faiths includes Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Sikhism, and Eastern Orthodox Churches. Moreover, Asian immigrants formed a number of important Buddhism denominations that made the city a home to the most number of Buddhists in the world having also the biggest population of Buddhists in the United States. Roman Catholicism is expectedly the largest because of the high numbers of Hispanic and Filipino Americans and it leads the largest congregation of Roman Catholics in the United States America. The second largest population of Jews in the United States of America is also in Los Angeles and various churches of the Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox dynamisms are established in the city. Census The ratio of females to males in our country is almost equal. Notably, due to the progressively high economic status of the city, only a small portion of the population was below the minimum level of income essential for achieving an adequate standard of living. When the African Americans from the southeast part of the Unites States of America arrived in Los Angeles, the population grew 15 times. Since 1990, the population of Blacks dropped into half because the middle class relocated to the suburbs. However, despite the relocating of homes and families into other areas, the city still has the largest community of African-American residents in the United States. Los Angeles is one of the cities in the United States wherein majority of its population differs from the national majority which is the â€Å"whites† that’s why I expected that it will finally have a Latino majority for the first time. Today, the population of Latinos, Asian Americans, and Caribbeans is still flourishing at a fast rate. Los Angeles City has a large population of people from different nations. Various ethnic ascendancies like Chinatown, Korea town, Little Tokyo, and Thai Town is a sheer evidence of the multilingual and multi-cultural characteristic of the City of Los Angeles. Government The city of Los Angeles is governed by a mayor-council system or a system of governance wherein the council is headed by an elected mayor (Britannica Online). The present mayor in office is Antonio Villaraigosa, a Latino of Mexican descent. Primarily, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) protects the city from crimes, but, there are also categorically specialized police agencies: the Office of Public Safety, the Port Police, and the Airport Police. The Office of the Public Safety handles the crimes committed within the premises of the city proper such as in public places. The Port Police work together with the Harbor Department in the Ports of Los Angeles. And the Airport police are responsible for law enforcement at the four city-owned airports. Crime Since 1990, the crime rate in Los Angeles rose alarmingly with accounted exploits of violence, homicides, and property crimes. However, at least, compared to violent crimes, property crimes are more frequent. Also, for a global city with a large population, it is amazing to note that the crime rate of Los Angeles city is lower compared to that of Chicago and Atlanta. The distribution of homicides occurring in the city is somewhat concentrated to the South Los Angeles and the Harbor area while a mere quarter occurs in the Downtown. In addition to, the city is a home to hundreds of thousands of gang members and this has led to the city being referred to as the â€Å"Gang Capital of America†. Media The mass media or public media of Los Angeles serves a large population in the area. The major daily newspaper in English is The Los Angeles Times while the La Opinion is the city’s largest Spanish paper. There are also a lot of smaller regional newspapers and periodicals, and weekly magazines and journals. Indubitably, many local periodicals serve immigrant population in their â€Å"mother tongue†. The Los Angeles metropolitan area is served by different of local television stations. There are considerably numerous movies and recorded songs about Los Angeles that describe the concept of the gangs and professional criminals in the area. Also, several television programs and stations operate using the Spanish language and other Asian languages. The media tends to downplay the indiscetions of whites but really blows up the indiscretions of minorities through its use as the framework for cultural communication and expression across the globe. There are research projects that I have already read that focus on cultural interaction in the public domain and investigate issues of technology literacy, education, and politics among the dominant whites and the oppressed blacks. In my point of view, those publications must be critically assessed and that statements which tries to subjugate minorities, or actually oppressing them, should be eliminated. Work manuals, often refer to groups of different races and cultures, must also broaden their perspectives and treat both whites and blacks or minorities as one. Education There are many world-famous educational institutions in the City of Los Angeles such as the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the University of Southern California (USC). Today, racial segregation is no longer permitted by the law; therefore, Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics have the freedom to study in whatever school that they believe is best for them. Cultural interaction is strongly exhibited in Universities and other learning institutions. As a white with a Native American heritage, I definitely observe some discrimination within our school area, eventhough there is a law under the Constitution that racist acitivities must be put to a halt. And I think, more effort must be given to effectively implement the said directives. Cultural Interaction In our city wherein numerous distinct cultures coexist, interaction is a must. Basically, there are no â€Å"pure† races, in the same sense as there are no â€Å"mixed† races. We are all equal and we all descend from one and the same race. In the ancient world, in the time of empires dominating continents, together with every small territory laid in their feet, it is not such an unknown fact that our existence in this world is entangled with each and everyone’s. Our lives are all engaged, through trade and through movements, in continuous cultural exchange of no such particular proportions, the legacies of which are still with us. Although there are three main races that live in Los Angeles, California, cultural interaction can be seen at work. In relation to the interaction between the different cultures of the Blacks, Whites, and the Hispanics, crime management is a vital thing to be considered in assessing the cultural interaction among them. It is important to note that there is neither enmity nor animosity among the Blacks, Whites, and the Hispanics. As we can all see, these three different cultural groups are living harmoniously with each other. Their interaction in the city, despite the scars left by wars, is extraordinarily peaceful that they all had exerted an astounding influence on each other. Also, they have also earned each other’s respect and trust needed to promote diplomatic relations. Respect towards individual religion, customs, and traditions are shown. Cultural interaction is an enormously complex thing. It requires the full participation and cooperation of everyone involved. It is more than just communication. Cultural interaction is understanding—understanding the fact that we all are different but equal. There is just no race that is superior from the others. Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are all equal. No matter the complexity of such phenomenon, we should not think that it is not attainable, because it is. Truth to be told, it has already been attained. It is an all-influencing process has been happening, ever since the beginning of civilization. An observation from a community leader, like Mayor Antonio Villaragosa, with reference to the interaction between whites and other ethnic groups in the community is that he treats whites better than other ethnic groups like African Americans in the following circumstances. He once fired black activists from municipality official groups and made it his rule to in no way employ a protester to a metropolitan authority throughout his term in belief that they tend to be less reliable and more corrupt in the administration. Furthermore, he also did not act at once on the cases of Latino killings against the blacks. It is a result of thousands of years of struggles, and wars for the sole purpose of achieving equality in its purest sense. The battle has already been won. And the process of cultural interaction will not cease, as long as we human beings are still living and co-existing in the same dimension and direction. References: city. (2007). In Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 7, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/ebi/article-9273680 Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2005 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005 [Electronic (2006). Version]. U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 2, 2007 from http://www. census. gov/popest/cities/SUB-EST2005. html. Los Angeles. (2007). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 9, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-10129 mayor and council system. (2007). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9051613 Mormon. (2007). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 8, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9372619 Rapasky, E. P. (2003). History – Joao Rodrigues Cabrilho in San Diego Bay, CA on Sept 28 1542 [Electronic Version]. AZORES-L Archives. Retrieved June 4, 2007 from http://archiver. rootsweb. com/th/read/AZORES/2003-09/1064794270.

Problems of Conducting Research Into the Causes of Stress Essay

One job when carry oning research into the causes of emphasis is the generalization of the sample. if the sample is restricted ; this has restrictions in footings of generalizing the consequences to the entire population. In the survey by Johansson. a sample of merely 24 workers was used and from a specific occupation type. This sample is unthinking of all occupation types and is excessively little to be applicable to the general population. Decisions made may merely be relevant to this sample. However it could be argued that the factors that cause emphasis in occupations such as deadlines and the dependance of others on you are common in all types of occupations and hence utilizing a sample of the specific occupation type becomes less restricted and applicable to other people in occupations with common stressors. A 2nd job when carry oning research into causes of emphasis is the cogency of measurings. Cogency refers to whether the consequences measure what they are supposed to mensurate and this is frequently affected by the research method. The self study method is frequently questioned in footings of cogency as participants have the ability to give socially desirable replies and maneuver off from the truth. In the survey by Kanner. questionnaires were posted out to participants and a Hassles and uplifts graduated table was asked to be completed every month for 9 months and the Berkman life events graduated table after 10 months. This survey. due to the usage of self study deficiencies in cogency. as researches are diffident as to whether informations obtained reflects the true sentiments of participants. which is an issue when seeking to use to mundane life. However the self study method is utile. despite it missing in cogency. It gives participants the freedom to compose about their ain subjective feelings and due to emphasize being separately perceived otherwise. it is utile in orienting intervention to persons to run into their demands. A 3rd job is reductionism. surveies frequently cut down many factors that cause an single emphasis to one factor. such as in the instance of Johansson survey. it was concluded work was the beginning of emphasis. However single factors such as personality could play a function. research workers do non cognize that emphasis prone persons are more likely to be in a high hazard occupation. By neglecting to take into history other factors. resources and clip may be used in the incorrect country. However reductionism is utile as it does nail an country that causes emphasis and allows in-depth research to be carried out to assist participants.

The Federal Reserve and the Depression Essays

The Federal Reserve and the Depression Essays The Federal Reserve and the Depression Essay The Federal Reserve and the Depression Essay The Federal Reserve, established in 1913, was the leading cause of the Great Depression.They induced the Depression in a number of ways that is directly correlated to the collapse of the US economy.They played a key role in the stock market crash in 1929 and the economic failure that followed with policies that were horrid and also failed to address the new concept of the Wealth Effect and unequivocal distribution of wealth.They also exposed their interests to highly tumultuous parts of the world that carried a great deal of risk, and after the Depression, failed to enact or enforce any laws to help prevent such a disaster from occurring again. The collapse of the stock market is widely thought to be the cause of the Great Depression.The Feds policies during the stock market rise and after the crash were appalling and make many of todays economists wonder how they could be so wrong.From 1922 through July of 1929, the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose an astonishing 575% and created hundreds of billions of dollars of wealth worldwide.However, Federal Reserve Chairman Adolph Miller was extremely late to the game and did not even think about the possible implications that a stock market slump may have on the economy.Only at the beginning of 1929 did he increase interest rates, versus more ideal times of around mid-1928, when it became evident that the rally in the stock market had the potential for a long-term run up.But these increases in the stock market are not sustainable without the help of economic policies and Chairman Millers only policy was to sit back and enjoy the ride.Had he increased rates slightly throughout 1928, the economy would have slowed slightly, forcing people to focus more on their debts and paying them off, than the exuberance in the stock market.This would of course, have caused selling in the market, but at a slow pace, and would have given stock prices to catch up to th

Writing Admission Essay

Writing Admission Essay Writing Admission Essay Writing Admission Essay Most of the law schools require you to write a personal statement in which you must present yourself. A personal statement allows the reader to see an applicant as an individual who differs from other applicants. It is very important that your personal statement reflects you and your life as honestly as possible. Admission essay is your opportunity to talk directly with the admissions committee. It is your chance to help the admissions committee see you as a person.Your personal statement will determine whether you are being accepted or rejected by a school of your choice. Nevertheless, it is necessary to write an admission essay honestly, in an interesting way, and with proper structure. Admission Essay Writing The most important element of an essay is an evidence of your own thoughts. Admission essay topic usually presents one central question and develops a thesis, the answer to the question. Usually, you have to explain or defend your thesis with reasons and evidence gained from your own personal experience. You are expected to impress the commission with interesting thoughts gained from reading or research. It is advisable to make an outline which should include an introduction, body, and conclusion. College Admission Essay Whilewriting admission essay, many students face the problem deciding which information to include. Think about the topic of your admission essay, than create a list of your own experienced and interests, then choose the most interesting events from your life. While writing college admission essay you should also mention why you have decided to enter the chosen college and how you plan to use your life achievements in college. Your job is to sell yourself and distinguish yourself from other applicants. Everyone has qualities that are unique. Read also:http://.com/blog/college-admission-essay-topics Demonstrate your ability to think and express ideas clearly and effectively. Show motivation and capacity to succeed in college. The reason you are asked to write an admission essay is to compare the degree of similarity in research interests between you and the faculty member you wish to work with. However, your research interests should be relevant to the proposed field of study. Additionally, you should show in your college essay that you have basic knowledge in the chosen field of study. There are several different ways you can structure your essay, but the most common format includes an introduction, a body, and a concluding paragraph. Prepare an outline and create several drafts! Order Custom Admission Essay You know that writing a good admission essay is not easy and most of the students struggle with creating a powerful personal statement.is here to help college applicants with admission essay writing of any urgency. Even if you have only 12 hours left until submission, we can help you! Interesting posts: Essay Writing Tips Conclusion Writing Thesis Writing Hamlet Thesis Dissertation Service

Cause essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cause - Essay Example ’s lives, and these include physical health [as Maslow rightly observed in his second level of â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs†], mental fitness, athletics, and for aesthetic value (Maslow 373-4). As the old saying goes, â€Å"the most valuable possession one has is Good Health,† well, this is true for both our physical as well as psychological well-being. And one of the secrets to good and perfect health is regular exercise. As for physical fitness, exercise proves very essential to people who desire beautiful but slender bodies. People who seldom take exercise are likely to have soft, flabby muscles, which are not only unattractive but are unhealthy. Getting rid of shapeless figures requires regular exercises to better manage being over weight and more importantly to shape body structure. Besides, routine exercise is also beneficial in strengthening people’s muscles (Barton and Pretty 3947). Jogging, dancing, bicycle rides, swimming among other activities really help to develop strong leg muscles for people who desire such. In addition, exercises provide people with more daily energy. A morning exercise for instance, can help in elevating daily work/job spirit by simply retaining the excitement acquired during the exercise. One will therefore be capable to respond instantaneously to the environmental changes. Regular exercises also prevent the occurrence of a range of diseases by helping the body to develop mechanisms for fighting infections and certain other diseases (Barton and Pretty, 3947-8). Many of the major cardiovascular diseases can be kept at bay by simply using thes stairs instead of a lift (for those working in offices). Sweats that usually follow the exercises remove toxins that would hitherto cause heart failure, for example, from people’s bodies. Exercises thus have many benefits, which go along way in helping people to live longer, healthier, and generally happier lives. In fact, the more one has excess body fats the greater he or she risks

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Taxation - Essay Example In implementing the principles of tax efficiency, it adheres to â€Å"fiscal neutrality† in the sense that the tax system is implemented such that â€Å"it does not interfere with the workings of the markets or the decisions of the households while minimising the disincentive effects† of government taxes on he level of economic activity. Subscribing to the perspective of the OECD that â€Å"an efficient tax system† is achieved via a mix of different taxes, the UK tax system combines various types of taxation to promote taxation efficiency (UK Parliament, 2011). Another important policy anchor on which the UK taxation system rests is fairness. According to the UK Parliament (2011), this means that â€Å"the burden of tax should reflect the ability to pay while incorporating principles of intergenerational equity.† A defensible way of interpreting the policy declaration is that the UK’s tax policy is governed by equity taxation which can be extended t o mean that taxation can be used to promote equity. The UK’s notion of equity, however, covers the promotion of social and intergenerational equity. This means that equity across social groups is promoted (without promoting disincentive to work and do business) as well as intergenerational equity. ... It is a standard notion in economics that horizontal equity means that those who earn the same should have equal burden of the tax while vertical equity means that those who earn more should share a higher burden of the tax: those with the same ability should pay the same tax and those with higher abilities should pay more taxes. The UK Parliament (2011) also emphasised that in promoting fairness in taxation requires that the UK government create policy measures that prevent tax avoidance and evasion. Finally, another important reason given by the UK Parliament on why the government of the UK imposes taxes is that people must get value for their money. This is interpreted to mean that the UK taxation is designed and people are taxed in a manner that compliance and collection costs are marshalled to a minimum (UK Parliament, 2011). In sum, based on the UK Parliament’s publication, the core principles of the UK government’s tax policy are sustainability, efficiency, fairn ess and value for money. The four principles provide the basis as well as the reasons on why a certain tax policy is adopted and the manner by which a tax policy is implemented. At the same time, the articulation of the four principles should not obscure a fundamental fact: the â€Å"main aim of the tax system† of the UK is to raise revenue (UK Parliament, 2011). The UK Parliament (2011) publication declared that if tax policy is used to support other objectives then it should be interpreted as an attempt by the tax system to produce the best value for money. With the ongoing global economic difficulties that are believed to have originated from the United States sub-prime crisis of 2008, UK’s taxation policies are also

Democratization processes and rise of corporate power Essay

Democratization processes and rise of corporate power - Essay Example In this respect, the government must respect a citizen's right to associate freely, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of expression and the freedom to criticize their leaders. Members of a democratic society have the right to know the goings on in their country; they ought to be able to stand for any civic or parliamentary post within their country or vote for a leader of their choice. Such governments must not discriminate women or other groups from participating in government. Citizens have a right to choose whatever political party they prefer and to involve themselves in campaigns .Lastly, the rule of law must apply in a democratic state. This means that no one can take away another's right and be left unpunished. The law keeps powers of government under check and no one should think they are above the law including the head of state. Citizens in a democratic state should not use their powers within their offices to infringe others. Imprisonment, torture or other un fair treatments have no place in democracy (Anderson, 2000) Corporate power is not a new issue in the world today. There are numerous ways in which corporations demonstrate their far reaching political abilities. Corporations have dominated economies of the world and have the ability to surpass common law to the detriment of the common man. Consequently, the process of democracy has been affected by the influence exerted by these corporations. The relationship between these two aspects is what shall be examined in detail in the next section of the essay. Unlimited power on the part of corporations also causes a huge impact on the social and environmental aspects of people's lives. (Anderson, 2000) Democracy and the rise of corporate power Decision making ability The rise of corporate power has transferred the right to make decisions from citizen's lives to big time corporations thus demeaning the major principles of a true democracy. This type of influence enables corporations to make decisions about what technology a country should adopt and what kind of production should be adopted within a certain country. Corporations use their power to determine the kind of methods used for production. Because these large corporations market, employ and deal with majority of the country's population, they cause a large effect on them. Corporate influence surpasses the law because corporations are regarded as private entities in most countries of the world. In this sense therefore, they cannot be questioned when they make their choices. Corporations also participate in politics. They do so by lobbying and giving politicians treats such as a dinner or luncheons. In such cases, they have direct influence in the way things are done Political contributions Corporations have been known to participate in political processes through the monetary contributions which they have made. A research done by the Institute for Policy Studies in the year 2000 showed that there are about eighty two companies that made contributions in the United States during their last election. The sum total of money contributed by these corporations was about thirty three million dollars. This was the largest contribution made by any entity in the election. Compared to the next highest contributor in the elections; Labor Unions, Corporations exceeded the

Person Centred Therapy: Overview and Analysis

Person Centred Therapy: Overview and Analysis Person-centered Therapy Ong Khai Lun Abstract This article discussed about Person-centered Therapy which is developed by Carl Rogers. Carl Rogers who is the Humanistic psychologist believed that there are needs that needed to be fulfilled by individual in order for the wellness of the individual. Person-centered Therapy is developed based on the Humanistic approach in the psychology field. In this article, whole of the Person-centered Therapy will be discussed, the core elements that need to be practiced by Person-centered therapists will be discussed and the critical condition in order for the therapy to be success will also be discussed in this article. This article is to help understand Person-centered Therapy and what requirement that needs to be followed when practicing Person-centered Therapy. Introduction In Person-centered Therapy, Carl Rogers believed that the client should focus on the present and the future as opposed to Gestalt Therapy that focused only on the present. Carl Rogers also believed that by focusing on the present and the future, the client would be able to understand more about himself or herself (McLeod, 2008). In Person-centered therapy, the client will be the main focus rather than the focus on how good is the therapist. This is due to Rogers believed that the self-healing ability and the personal growth that helps lead the client towards self-actualization (McLeod, 2008; Love Pinkowitz, 2013). The main purpose of Person-centered Therapy is to allow the client to have the opportunity to develop the sense of self where the client will be able to realize how their attitudes, their feelings and their behaviors that are being affected negatively (Love Pinkowitz, 2013; Swartout Swartout, 2012). Based on Person-centered Therapy, the self-concept is main element of our experiences and self-concept is influencer that will mold our perception towards the world and the perception towards the individual himself or herself. For example, an individual who is very confident towards himself or herself will behave confidently. The self-concept might not always fit the real world but as every individual is different in nature, the way we see ourselves and others see us might be different. For example, individual A might be a fun person to the eyes of others but individual might see himself as boring person, so individual A behave as a fun person to increase his or her self-esteem. The way individual A sees himself or herself might reflect how individual A values his or her self-esteem. In Person-centered Therapy, those who came for the therapy will not refer as ‘patients’ instead they will be referred as ‘clients’. This is due to the therapist and the clients are viewed as equal partners. The client is responsible to improve his life or her life and not the therapist (Corey, 2009). This is the part where Person-centered Therapy differs from psychoanalysis, where the patients is diagnosed by the psychologist and treated by the psychologist. The clients will be consciously and rationally make decisions for themselves about what is the right things to do and what should be done. The therapist in Person-centered Therapy is viewed as a friend that will listen to the problem and encourages the clients on an equal level rather than the therapist that view himself or herself as superiority in the session (Corey, 2009; Hagner, Kurtz, May Cloutier, 2014). Hagner, Kurtz, May Cloutier (2014) state that there is no absolute counseling technique to be applied in Person-centered Therapy as every counseling relationship that built with the clients are unique by itself. The quality of the therapeutic relationship between the client and the therapist is more important compared to the therapy techniques. There are three important elements that should be practiced by Person-centered Therapists is congruent, unconditional positive regard and emphatic. The first element that needs to be practice by Person-centered therapists is congruence. Congruence means that therapists need to be genuine in the therapeutic relationship. The therapists need to fully involve himself or herself in the therapeutic relationship in order for the wellness of the clients. The client is allowed to experience the therapist’s experience as Person-centered therapists can use their own experiences to enhance the therapeutic relationship (Cornelius-White, 2008). The second element that needs to be practice by Person-centered therapists is unconditional positive regard. Carl Rogers believed that in order for an individual to grow and fulfill his or her potential, it is very important that the individual is valued as himself or herself. This means that Person-centered therapists need to care about their clients deeply and genuinely in order for the growth and potential development of the clients. This also means that the therapists need the attitude of a ccept their clients as how the clients are (Corey, 2009). Thus Person-centered therapists need to always carefully maintain positive attitude toward their clients. The third core element that needed to be practiced by Person-centered therapists is empathy. By practicing empathy means that the therapists have the ability to understand what the clients’ experience and the clients’ feelings at the current moment. There are six critical conditions that need to meet in order for therapeutic change for the clients; therapist-client psychological contact, client incongruence, therapist congruence, therapist unconditional positive regard, therapist emphatic understanding and client perception (Corey, 2009; Cornelius-White, 2008). Therapist-client psychological contact is a relationship that needs to be established between the client and the therapist. Client incongruence means that there is an existence of incongruence between the clients’ experiences and the clients’ awareness. Therapist congruence means that the therapists need to be congruence in the therapeutic relationship. The therapists need to fully involved in the relationship and also they can use their own relationship to facilitate the therapeutic relationship. Therapist unconditional positive regard means that the therapists need to accept their clients as they are. This will help to increase the self-concept of the clie nt. Therapist empathic understanding requires the therapist to have empathic understanding towards the clients’ inner-self. Adequate empathy will allow the clients to believe their therapists have unconditional love towards them. Client perception is where the clients perceive the therapists’ unconditional positive regards and the therapists’ emphatic understanding. These six critical conditions are then summarized into three important elements; congruent, unconditional positive regard and emphatic (Maslow, Fazio, Ortigara, Kuhn Zeisel, 2013). As a conclusion, Person-centered Therapy requires the clients to concentrate in his or her present and future, which the clients will be able to know himself or herself more. Besides that, Person-centered Therapy will concentrate on the clients self-healing ability and the self-concept of the clients. In order to promote the self-concept of the clients, the therapists would need to practice three main elements; congruent, unconditional positive regard and emphatic. Aside from that, for the therapeutic relationship to be successful, the therapists need to ensure six core conditions to be presence; therapist-client psychological contact, client incongruence, therapist congruence, therapist unconditional positive regard, therapist emphatic understanding and client perception. References Corey, G. (2009).Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy(8th ed.). Belmont,  CA: Brooks/Cole. Cornelius-White, J. D. (2008). Reexamination of Rogers (1959) Collection of Theories on  the Person-Centered Approach. Person-Centered Experiential Psychotherapies,  7(3), 201-208.   Hagner, D., Kurtz, A., May, J., Cloutier, H. (2014). Person-Centered Planning for  Transition-Aged Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal Of Rehabilitation,  80(1), 4-10. Love, K., Pinkowitz, J. (2013). Person-Centered Care for People with Dementia : A  Theoretical and Conceptual Framework. Generations, 37(3), 23-29. Maslow, K., Fazio, S., Ortigara, A., Kuhn, D., Zeisel, J. (2013). From Concept to Practice:  Training in Person-Centered Care for People with Dementia. Generations, 37(3), 100-  107. McLeod, S. A. (2008). Person Centered Therapy. Retrieved from  http://www.simplypsychology.org/client-centred-therapy.html Morhardt, D., Spira, M. (2013). From Person-Centered Care to Relational Centered Care.  Generations, 37(3), 37-44. Swartout, K. M., Swartout, A. G. (2012). Shifting perspectives: Applying person-centered  analyses to violence research. Psychology Of Violence, 2(4), 309-312.  doi:10.1037/a0029910 Why Did Margaret Thatcher Win? Why Did Margaret Thatcher Win? The essay has been divided by 3 parts, equally with the 3 periods of time that Mrs Thatcher campaigning to be in power. Each part Id state the key events and policies circulated by Mrs Prime Minister and the Conservatives Party and also the opposition partys activites, together to conclude the factors that contributed to Mrs Thatchers 3 consecutive General Election victory and her 11 years in power. Why did Tories/ Margaret Thatcher win the 1979 General Election? The period of time from 1974 to 1979 is when the two dominant British political parties were under controlled by their two leaders: Jim Callaghan for Labour and Margaret Thatcher for Conservatives. The February 1974 General Election saw a hung parliament as a result and Labour was the largest party (Owen and Howe, 2011). The leader of the Labour party was Harold Wilson. In April 1976, he was succeeded by Jim Callaghan, who was the first and remain the only Prime Minister to hold the role in all three offices of state, which are Home Secretary of State and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1964 70), Foreign Secretary of State from 1974 before holding office at number 10 Downing Street (BBC News, 2001). Meanwhile, Margaret Thatcher successfully challenged Edward Heath for leadership of the Conservatives party to be the first woman to lead a major political party and the Tories had got its very first woman leader. The economy at such this point wasnt an alliance with the Labour government t o leave them in a well-controlled position. After the quadrupling of oil prices in 1973-74 of the O.P.E.Cs oil prices crisis, inflation rose sharply to over 24% and the sterling pound ( £) reached an alert point in the international currency market. During 1971 and 1974, inflation had been arrived at a rate of 9.3%, but had a peak of 27% in 1975. Between 1974 and 1978 the average of inflation was 17.3% and later on fell down to 9.3% in 1979 (Visitor6 Website, 2012). To keep up and to survive with costly goods in such an inflationary era, its inevitable for all the workers to claim for higher wages to live with the situation. Greater paid amount for workers was campaigned by the unions, in fact, they would favour a rise in wages up to 22% for fireman, 14% for bakers, despite the limit of 5% of the government policy (ibid, 2012). In consequence, the strikes began. Strikes carried on by truck drivers and oil tanker drivers, garbage collection services stopped in Liverpool, resulting in rubbish all over and pile up on the streets. Even worse, the grave-diggers went on strike, dead bodied were not buried, making this the most depressed chaos ever and making the government looks like it couldnt cope with the situation (ibid, 2012). This, was so-called, the Winter of Discontent, which was a significant factor contributing to the victory of the Conservative in the 1979 General Election, as the Labour government was seen with nothing to rely on. Another thing to note is that, by April 1976, after two days Callaghan holding the Prime Minister Office, the Labour party has lost its majority to be a minority government of 1, as a result of the resignation of the formal Cabinet Minister John Stonehouse, and the 2 backbenchers left to establish a new Scottish Labour Party (BBC On This Day Website, 2005). This was also a miscalculation of Callaghan, when he had the right to call an election by October 1978, but he didnt as the economic performance started to get a little bi t better, and then the Winter of Discontent (WoD) appeared. Meanwhile, the Conservatives were getting every single opportunity out of their excellent media campaign. Mrs Thatcher was more than welcome for the attraction of the media and to provide journalists lots of photo-opportunities. The Tories also managed to get an efficient use of TV broadcast, and also the influence of their poster Labour isnt working delivered by advertising agency Saatchi and Saatchi, imitating a queue of jobless people (Bunn, 2010a). The Conservative manifesto advanced greatly away from the Keynesian economic policies which had been adopted since 1945 by all government. Instead of applying demand management like previously, Mrs Thatcher adopted the idea of monetarism policies, which stated by the Chicago economist Milton Friedman that money supply is the main reason rising the rate of inflation, hence for the government to be able to control inflation, public expenditure shall be cut down and the amount o f money circulated in the business flow should be well under controlled, although all of this would lead to further unemployment rate (Owen and Howe, 2011). To be focused on lowering the rate of inflation, the Tories reckon that small inflation would create greater developing environment for firms and businesses, therefore providing greater demand for jobs because of the non-fluctuation condition in the market (Visitor6 Website, 2012). Other policies including leaving the market opened and free movement of the economy, breaking down the excessive power of the Trade Unions and tax cuts. The Conservatives party now seen as the party of Law and Order, giving Britain a new begin to escape from the so long chaos (Owen and Howe, 2011). The 1979 General Election results putting the Conservative back into power after with the total win of 339 seats, winning a solid majority of 44, marking the first of the 4 consecutive Genereal Election victories in the following years of the Tories, and Ma rgaret Thatcher became the first woman to be the Prime Minister and serving on number 10 Downing Street (Bunn, 2010a). Thatchers first term in power: 1979 1983 The first two years of the Thatcher Government were a remarkably difficult time in British politics. As stated above, Thatcher was massively inspired by the idea of monetarism, which believe the biggest demon of government is inflation, and to be in a good hand of controlling inflation rate, government need to control the flow of money supply (EconomicHelp Website, 2007). Indirect taxes were increased, government expenditure was lowered down and higher interest rate as government was fighting inflation (ibid, 2007). In the first Budget introduced in 1979, income tax rates were cut by 3%, from 33% to 30% but VAT was increased to a single rate of 15%. Interest rates were kept high, even raised up to 14%. The result was an economic recession (1979 81) in which manufacturing productivity fell by nearly 20% (BBC Budget Website, 1997). The subsequent rise in unemployment made it difficult to reduce government spending, which, as percentage of GDP, increased until 1983, although thereafter it fell noticeably. On the other hand, as a result of the recession, inflation fell significantly. By 1982, it was at 5% which was the average of the OECD and then reached its bottom for almost 20 years at 2.6% in 1986 (Owen and Howe, 2011). The turning point for the Conservatives Party during this tough period before the 1983 General Election was the Falkland War. Four months before the Falkland conflict, Mrs. Thatcher was the most unpopular Prime Minister on record according to the early 1980s opinion polls (Owen and Howe, 2011). After the island attack, her popular ratings increased from 41% in April and to 56% in May 1982 and when the invasion was finally over in June, her approval ratings was favourably reached 59% (IPSOS Website, 2007). Nevertheless, even before the Falkland factor happened, the economic was slightly recovered from the recession, backing up Thatchers image, and also there was obviously public support behind the governments decision of fighting and getting back the island. The Economist conducted a survey showed that 83% seen the decision of sending the naval task force to Falkland was right, followed by 85% in a later week and 85% in early May (ibid, 2007). Hence, the Prime Minster was doing what t he people also desired to do and expected to do so, and with the successful achievement of the invasions outcomes, Mrs Thatcher was seen as a strong and patriotic leader. Adulations were honoured to Mrs Prime Minister by the tabloid press across the nation (Owen and Howe, 2011). There was clearly the Falkland factors behind the Conservative win on the 1983 General Election, but theres others factor supported Thatcher too, such as what was happening on the side of the opposition party. The Labour was divided, and appeared to middle-class voters as extremely left-wing and too close to the Unions. Their Manifesto for the 1983 election, later describes as the longest suicide note in history by Sir Gerald Kaufman, was the most left-wing manifesto ever as believed (Rayner, 2013). The party wished to exit the EEC by the end of the next term and non-business with all nuclear weapons. It would not let the market to be left freely and pledged to more state intervention in the economy with the association of the Trade Unions in paying and other decisions. It also wanted to nationalised again all the assets to the state, including the bank of England. Finally, the party was saying to end one of the most popular policies of the Tories, The Right to Buy council tenant houses (Bunn, 2010b). Adding all of the elements stated above, the result was a second victory for Margaret Thatcher and a landline winning for the Conservative Party with 397 seats and an overall majority of 144 (Bunn, 2010b). With that massive amount of majority, Thatcher would be able to perform even more radical reforms in her next following term in power (Rayner, 2013). The second term in power: 1983 1987 Not long after the 1983 election, Thatcher in 1984 attended a summit of European Union leaders at Fontainebleau, France. She has been wrangling many years to claim for the rebate that Britain should have earned as contributing a massive amount to the budget of the EEC, for example Britain was the most imported agriculture-products country and paid heavily for the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP)s financial statement (Zijlstra, 2005). I want my money back with this legendary saying at the summit, Mrs Thatcher put British Euroscepticism into words clearer than anyone else before. The event was seemed to be successful for the Iron Lady, but on the other hands, distanced herself with other EU leaders in the area (Owen and Howe, 2011). The key event associated with Mrs Thatchers second term in office is undoubtedly the Miners Strike Defeat (1984 85). Since 1974, Mrs Prime Minister believed a strike could be expected, as when the miners had heavily tackled down the Heaths government. In addition, in the 1983 general election, the Labour party again was unable to be in power with Michael Foot being its leader, she said a strike would naturally arise (Craig, 2013). The National Coal Board was planning the strike by shutting down many of the uneconomic pits and stem financial losses running into billions (ibid, 2013). Ian MacGragor was appointed as the boards chairman by Mrs Thatcher, foreseeing the strike and stocking a massive amount of coal at power stations with orders and support from Nigel Lawson and later Peter Walker, the Energy Secretaries of State (ibid, 2013). The miners leader, Arthur Scargill, was negotiating with the Colonel Gaddafi of Libya and Mikhail Gorbachev for sufficient fund for the prolonging st rike. He was said to have got  £150,000 from Lybia, but by forecasting the strike long ahead, Mr Gorbachev agreed not to support the miners after Thatchers successful persuasion (ibid, 2013). By the end of 1984, the miners and their families facing financial shortage and poverty, returned to work and the strike was seen as admitting its defeat. This Miners Strike event was a direct hit on the Trade Unions, weakening its power, and as Thatcher wrote in her memoirs, What the strikes defeat meant was that Britain could not be made ungovernable by the Fascist Left (ibid, 2013). The 1980s also can be clearly seen as the era of privatisation. The nationalised assets had gradually been selling to private buyers and investors: British Telephone (1984), British Gas (1986), British Airways (1987), British Steel (1988). Electricity privatisation begun in the 90s, British Rail was privatised by Major later on. The Thatcherite support for privatisation was that it created more options and competitions in the market, hence provide the best service and offer best prices to customers, and also contribute extra funds to the Treasury (Owen and Howe, 2011). Approximately  £440m was raised by the privatising progress by 1987, which is the perfect condition for government to allow further direct tax cuts. Despite the increase in inflation rate, these were seen as the economic feel-good factors, putting the Conservatives Party on another term in power, but turn out to be Thatchers last election victory (ibid, 2011). Bibliographies BBC Budget Website (1997), http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/budget97/background/bud1979_92.shtml (accessed 7 May 2013). BBC News (2001) Elections Battle 1945 1997: 1979: The Thatcher Era Begin, http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/vote2001/in_depth/election_battles/1979_over.stm (accessed 7 May 2013). Bunn, M. (2010a) 1979 UK General Election, http://suite101.com/article/1979-uk-general-election-a231103 (accessed 7 May 2013). Bunn, M. (2010b) 1983 UK General Election, http://suite101.com/article/1983-uk-general-election-a231863 (accessed 7 May 2013). Craig, J. (2013) Miners Strike: Margaret Thatcher Triumph, http://news.sky.com/story/1075351/miners-strike-margaret-thatchers-triumph (accessed 7 May 2013). EconomicsHelp Website (2007) UK Economy under Mrs Thatcher 1979-1984, http://econ.economicshelp.org/2007/03/uk-economy-under-mrs-thatcher-1979-1984.html (accessed 7 May 2013). IPSOS-Mori Website (2007) Political Commentary The Falklands Factor Revisited, http://www.ipsos-mori.com/newsevents/ca/273/Political-Commentary-The-Falklands-Factor-Revisited.aspx (accessed 7 May 2013). Owen, V. and Howe, C. (2011) Politics. Essex: Pearson Education. Rayner, G. (2013) Margaret Thatcher dies: time and achievements as Britains first female PM, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/8081313/Margaret-Thatcher-dies-time-and-achievements-as-Britains-first-female-PM.html (accessed 7 May 2013). Visitor6 Website (2012) The Reasons why the Conservatives won the General Elections of 1979, 1983 and 1987?, http://visitor6.com/political-thought/the-reasons-why-the-conservatives-won-the-general-elections-of-1979-1983-and-1987/ (accessed 7 May 2013). Zijlstra, T. (2005) The people want their money back, http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/article/1311/the-people-want-their-money-back.html (accessed 7 May 2013). Why Is Play Important? Why Is Play Important? The right to play is a childs first claim on the community. Play is natures training for life. No community can infringe that right without doing deep and enduring harm to the minds and bodies of its citizens. By playing, children learn and develop as individuals, and as members of the community. Letting children go out and play is one of the best things that parents can do for their childrens health. A mix of active, imaginative and creative play makes for a brilliantly balanced diet of play. Some children prefer to spend most of their time with creative play, some with imaginative play and others with active play. There is nothing wrong in liking one toy or game in particular, but a balanced diet of play is best for development. In other words, its good for your child to play in lots of different ways. Each type of play contributes in its own way to all-round psychological progress. Your child gets something different out of playing with different toys. Encourage your child to achi eve a balanced diet of play by offering a regular change of play activities. You can suggest new types of games and new toys. A balanced diet of play is as important as good food or love. According to Dr Richard Woolfson (an educational psychologist with 30 years experience and a qualified nursery and primary school teacher), a portion each of three types of play each day helps with every childs healthy development: Creative play is about drawing, painting, playing music, cooking, or making something (anything!). It doesnt matter what your child makes, or whether theres a perfect result. Through creative play, your child expresses his- or herself, learns about process, discovers cause and effect and gains pride in their achievements. Imaginative play starts in your childs head. It can be role-playing, creating a new game, giving toys a voice, inventing adventures or playing a word game. Through imaginative play your child begins to understand the world, investigates fact and fiction, and develops positive relationships with themselves and other people. Active play is how your child moves in the world. It is running, jumping, catching and dancing all of which build strength and boost coordination. Active play is also a great way to learn about teamwork, release tension and feel truly free. Play is a serious business, as far as children are concerned. Play makes an immense contribution to your childs development in lots of important ways.As a child plays, they learn all about themselves and what they can do. Play helps them make friends, enjoy company and discover the world around them. Your child has fun while playing and at the same time is exercising, discovering and developing both emotionally and physically. Thats what makes play so wonderful! Improving Confidence Through Play Play boosts your childs self-confidence in many ways: Exploration. By learning through discovery, your child develops belief in their skills and abilities. Movement. As soon as your child can move, they want to play. The I got there by myself expression shows your childs growing confidence. Playing is also a fantastic form of exercise and as the facts show us, children need regular exercise. Facts: Welsh children are the second most overweight in Europe According to recent research by the World Health Organisation -in Wales, 23% of boys and 17% of girls are obese. 60% of children spend up to 4 hours a day watching TV. Only 60% of children have regular opportunities to play outside. Imagination. Children use their imagination in pretend-play. This is a new and exciting experience for children, and they love it. Creativity. Every child can be creative in play. Your child will be delighted when you smile at their drawings and paintings. Socialising. Playing with friends is a great way for your child to learn important social skills like sharing and taking turns. Problem-solving. Your childs confidence is boosted by solving a puzzle they would rather do it without too much help. Language. Playing with others builds up your childs vocabulary, speech and communication skills. Individual Play Patterns The way your child plays depends on many different factors. First theres their age and stage of development play becomes more complicated as your child grows older. Personality matters too an enthusiastic child will get stuck in to toys immediately while a passive child may hold back. The range of toys and games available affects play a child who hasnt got a pedal toy, for example, wont learn how to make it move by pushing the pedals. Every child instinctively needs to play. But there are many distractions that can grab young interest. For example, a television programme or a computer game may attract your childs attention away from toys and games. A Balanced Diet of Play Some children prefer to spend most of their time with creative play, some with imaginative play and others with active play. There is nothing wrong in liking one toy or game in particular, but a balanced diet of play is best for development. In other words, its good for your child to play in lots of different ways. Each type of play contributes in its own way to all-round psychological progress. Your child gets something different out of playing with different toys. Encourage your child to achieve a balanced diet of play by offering a regular change of play activities.